United States Meteorite Impact Craters

The Wetumpka Crater is a shallow marine impact site that dates from the Cretaceous period, about 81 million years ago.  It is about 6.5 km in diameter, and is exposed at the surface.

Evidence of Impact Origin

The impact origin of each location listed on this website has been supported by unambiguous diagnostic evidence of hypervelocity impact that has been reported in a scientific (usually peer reviewed) context.  Without such evidence, a geological structure is not a confirmed impact crater.  This section, which is included for each crater on this website, is not an exhaustive list of such published evidence, but is meant to demonstrate that appropriate work has been done for each listing.

Nature of diagnostic evidence:

• Planar deformation features in quartz grains (up to 7 sets, indexed) (King et al., 1999, 2002)

Other significant evidence: breccia, morphology, elevated Ir, Ni, Cr, Co levels (King et al., 2002)

Bibliography and References:

(If links to articles don't work, don't give up. Try pasting the link shown into a search engine or searching for the article authors, title, or other reference information.  If your research leads you to additional scientific references related to this crater, please help improve this resource by sending a note with the new citation(s) to: robert@impactcraters.us )

Alvarez W., Claeys P., Burns E. (1993) A candidate KT boundary impact crater in Alabama (abstract). EOS Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, Volume 74 (supplement), p. 387.

no link found

Bentley R. D., Neathery T. L., Lines G. C. (1970) A probable impact-type structure near Wetumpka, Alabama (abstract). Abstracts [Fifty-First Annual Meeting, 1970], EOS Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, Volume 51, Issue 4, p. 342. doi: 10.1029/EO051i004p00259

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/EO051i004p00259/full

Bentley R. D., Neathery T. L., Lines G. C. (1971) A Probable Impact Structure near Wetumpka, Alabama. Bulletin - Geological Survey of Alabama. Volume 7, No. 2, p. 7.

no link found - referenced in K. Littleton biblio. (2002), http://www.meteorite-list-archives.com/2002/sep/0321.html

Bentley R. D., Neathery T. L., Lines G. C. (1971) A probable impact structure Near Wetumpka, Alabama. The Journal of the Alabama Academy of Science. Volume 42, No. 3, pp. 158-159.

no link found - referenced in K. Littleton biblio (2002), http://www.meteorite-list-archives.com/2002/sep/0321.html

Carrington T. J. (1983) Current studies of Cretaceous formations in eastern Alabama and Columbus, Georgia - A Guidebook for the 20th annual field trip of the Alabama Geological Society. Alabama Geological Society Guidebook 20, 52p.

http://alageolsoc.org/Publications.pdf

or

http://archives.datapages.com/data/alabama/30/roadlogs.html

Echaurren J. C., King Jr. D. T., Petruny L. W., Rocca M. C. L. (2006) Mathematical Model and Impact Conditions for Wetumpka Impact Crater, Alabama, USA (abstract #5012). Meteoritics & Planetary Science, Vol. 41, Supplement, Proceedings of 69th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical Society

http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/metsoc2006/pdf/5012.pdf

Hall J. C. (1996) Ground zero - The Wetumpka Astrobleme. Alabama Heritage Magazine, Fall issue, No. 42 p. 6-13. Reprinted in Neathery, T. L., King, D. T., and Wolf, L. W. (1997) The Wetumpka Impact Structure and Related Features, Guidebook for the Annual Meeting of the South Eastern Section, Geological Society of America, Auburn, Alabama, March 26, 1997. see also: Alabama Geological Society Guidebook 34c.

http://archives.datapages.com/data/alabama/47/roadlog.htm

Harris R. S., Rodesney S. N., King Jr. D. T., Petruny L. W. (2010) Grains of a Feather... Low-Shock Pressure Deformation in Silicate Minerals from the Wetumpka Impact Structure, Alabama, USA (abstract #5397). Abstracts of the 73rd Annual Meteoritical Society Meeting.

http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/metsoc2010/pdf/5397.pdf

Harris R. S., Rodesney S. N., Schroeder P. A. (2012) X-ray Diffraction Characteristics of Variably Shocked, Strained, and Microcrystalline Quartz in Mixtures: Implications for Impact Petrology and Construction Aggregates (abstract #104-10). Geological Society of America 2012 Annual Meeting, Abstracts with Programs. Vol. 44, No. 7, p.278.

https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2012AM/webprogramschedule/Paper210480.html

Heider E., King Jr. D. T. (2014) Shallow geological transect of Wetumpka impact structure, Alabama (abstract). Abstracts of the 2014 GSA Annual Meeting. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs. Volume 46, No. 6, p. 761.

https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2014AM/webprogram/Paper243598.html

Heider E., King Jr. D. T., Ormö J. (2015) Early modification stage dynamics of shallow crater-filling units, Wetumpka impact structure, Alabama (abstract #2566). Abstracts of the 46th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference.

http://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2015/pdf/2566.pdf

Jaret S., King Jr. D. T., Petruny L. W. (2012) Modes of occurence and types of shock features in bimodal quartz grain populations - Wetumpka impact structure, Alabama (abstract #104-9). Geological Society of America 2012 Annual Meeting, Abstracts with Programs. Volume 44, No. 7, p. 278.

https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2012AM/webprogramschedule/Paper211079.html

Johnson R. C., Glidewell J., Petruny L. W., King Jr. D. T. (2007) Comparison of two marine impacts: Chesapeake Bay and Wetumpka (abstract). Abstracts of the 38th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference.

http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2007/pdf/2356.pdf

Johnson R. C., King Jr. D. T. (2006) Abrasive (sand) blasting as a means of cleaning weakly lithified impact related drill core from the Wetumpka impact structure, Elmore County, Alabama (abstract #1866). Abstracts of the 37th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference.

http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2006/pdf/1866.pdf

Johnson R. C., King Jr. D. T. (2006) Structure-filling breccias of Wetumpka impact structure (Alabama): the record of two drill cores (abstract #119-2). Geological Society of America, 2006 Philadelphia Annual Meeting, Abstracts with Programs, Volume 38, No. 7, p. 296.

https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2006AM/finalprogram/abstract_115734.htm

Johnson R. C., Petruny L. M., Hames W., King Jr. D. T. (2006) Shock metamorphic characteristics and age of the Wetumpka impact structure, Alabama (abstract #35-10). Geological Society of America, Southeastern Section 55th Annual Meeting, Abstracts with Programs, Volume 38, No. 3, p. 82.

https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2006SE/finalprogram/abstract_102414.htm

King Jr. D. T. (1997) The Wetumpka impact crater and the Late Cretaceous impact record, in Neathery T. L., King Jr. D. T., Wolf L. W., The Wetumpka impact structure and related features: Tuscaloosa, Alabama, Alabama Geological Society Guidebook 34c. 1997.

http://www.auburn.edu/~kingdat/wetumpkawebpage3.htm

or

http://archives.datapages.com/data/alabama/47/roadlog.htm

King Jr. D. T. (1998) Wetumpka Melange, a new stratigraphic unit in Alabama. Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies (GCAGS) Transactions, Volume 48, pp. 151-158.

http://archives.datapages.com/data/gcags/data/048/048001/0151.htm

King Jr. D. T., Hames W. E., Petruny L. W. (1999) The needle in the haystack: shocked quartz from Wetumpka impact crater, Alabama, in King Jr. D. T., and Petruny L. W., eds., Wetumpka impact crater guidebook:  Auburn, Alabama, 29p.

http://www.auburn.edu/~kingdat/wetumpkawebpage3.htm

or

http://www.wetumpkaimpactcrater.com/Donate_To_The_Crater_Fun_BU.html

King Jr. D. T., Johnson R. C., Petruny L. W., Hames W., Neathery T. L. (2007) Wetumpka impact structure, Alabama (abstract #38-1). Geological Society of America, Southeastern Section 56th Annual Meeting, Abstracts with Programs, Volume 39, No. 2, p. 97.

https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2007SE/finalprogram/abstract_119170.htm

King Jr. D. T., Morrow J. R., Petruny L. W., Ormö J. (2015) The surficial polymict impact breccia unit, Wetumpka impact structure, Alabama: Shock levels and emplacement mechanism, In Osinski G., Kring D. A., eds., Large meteorite impacts and planetary evolution V, Geological Society of America Special Papers, Volume 518, pp. 149-164. doi: 10.1130/2015.2518(10)

http://specialpapers.gsapubs.org/content/518/149.abstract

King D. T., Neathery T. L. (1997) Nature of the Wetumpka impact crater in Alabama, USA (abstract). Geological Society of America Annual Meeting, Abstracts with Programs, Volume 29, No. 6, p. A-80.

no link found - listed in PASSC

King Jr. D. T., Neathery T. L. (1997) The Wetumpka asteroid impact and effects in Alabama, USA (abstract). Geological Society of America Annual Meeting, Abstracts with Programs, Volume 29, No. 6, p. A-80.

no link found - referenced in K. Littleton biblio (2002) https://www.mail-archive.com/meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com/msg06616.html

King Jr. D. T., Neathery T. L. (1998) Renewed interest in the Wetumpka impact crater, Alabama Geological Society Newsletter, Volume 11, No. 2, p. 17.

no link found - listed in PASSC database

King Jr. D. T., Neathery T. L. (1998) The Wetumpka Asteroid Impact Structure in Alabama, U.S.A. (abstract #358). American Association of Petrolium Geologists Annual Convention. 6 pp.

http://www.searchanddiscovery.com/abstracts/html/1998/annual/abstracts/358.htm

King Jr. D. T., Neathery T. L., Petruny L. W. (1998) Impactite facies in drill core from the Wetumpka impact crater, Alabama (abstract). Geological Society of America Annual Meeting, Abstracts with Programs, Volume 30, No. 7, p. A-4.

no link found - listed in PASSC

King Jr. D. T., Neathery T. L., Petruny L. W. (1999) Impactite Facies Within the Wetumpka Impact-Crater Fill, Alabama. (abstract #1634). Abstracts of the 30th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference.

http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/LPSC99/pdf/1634.pdf

King Jr. D. T., Neathery T. L., Petruny L. W. (2000) Wetumpka impact structure (Alabama), a Late Cretaceous marine-target crater (abstract). Geological Society of America Annual Meeting, Abstracts with Programs, Volume 32, No. 7, p. A-161.

http://eurekamag.com/research/020/613/020613984.php

King Jr. D. T., Neathery T. L., Petruny L. W. (2000) Wetumpka impact structure (Alabama), a Late Cretaceous marine-target crater (abstract). International Forum on Investigations of the Earth - New Information on Earth and Space Sciences (Yamaguchi University, Japan), Program and Abstracts, p. 26-27.

no link found - listed in PASSC

King Jr. D. T., Neathery T. L., Petruny L. W. (2001) Late Cretaceous shallow shelf impact in Gulf Coastal Plain of Alabama (abstract), Geological Society of America, Field Forum on Bolide Impacts on Wet Targets.

http://www.auburn.edu/~kingdat/wetumpkawebpage3.htm#six

King Jr. D. T., Neathery T. L., Petruny L. W. (2003) Structure-filling sediments of the Wetumpka marine-target impact structure (Alabama, USA), in Dypvik H., Burchell M. J., Claeys P., eds., Cratering in marine environments and on ice (Impact Studies), Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, p. 97-113. ISBN-13: 978-3540406686; ISBN-10: 3540406689; doi: 10.1007/978-3-662-06423-8_6

http://www.springer.com/us/book/9783540406686

King Jr. D. T., Neathery T. L., Petruny L. W. (2004) Results of investigations of Wetumpka impact crater, 1998-2003. Alabama Geological Society Newsletter, Volume 17, No. 2, p. 4,6.

no link found - listed in PASSC database

King Jr. D. T., Neathery T. L., Petruny L. W., Hames W. E., Koeberl C. (2001) Wetumpka, a Late Cretaceous shallow-shelf impact structure in the Gulf Coastal Plain of Alabama, USA (abstract). Submarine Craters and Ejecta-crater Correlation, Abstracts and Proceedings of the Norwegian Geological Society and the 7th ESF Workshop (Longyearbyen, Norway), p. 40-41.

no link found

King Jr. D. T., Neathery T. L., Petruny L. W., Koeberl C., Hames W. E. (1999) Evidence confirming meteoritic impact at Wetumpka crater, Alabama, USA (abstract #5104). 62nd Annual Meteoritical Society Meeting, Meteoritics and Planetary Science, Volume 34, No. 4, pp. 63-64.

http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/metsoc99/pdf/5104.pdf

King Jr. D. T., Neathery T. L., Petruny L. W., Koeberl C., Hames W. E. (2000) Evidence confirming meteoritic impact at Wetumpka crater, Alabama, USA (abstract #3151). Catastrophic Events and Mass Extinctions: Impacts and Beyond conference. Lunar and Planetary Institute.

http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/impact2000/pdf/3151.pdf

King Jr. D. T., Neathery T. L., Petruny L. W., Koeberl C., Hames W. E. (2002) Shallow-marine impact origin of the Wetumpka structure (Alabama, USA), Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Volume 202, Issues 3-4, pp. 541-549. doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00803-8

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X02008038?np=y

or

http://www.univie.ac.at/geochemistry/koeberl/publikation_list/208-Wetumpka-EPSL.pdf

King Jr. D. T., Neathery T. L., Petruny L. W., Koeberl C., Hames W. E., Wolf L. W. (1999) Evidence of meteoritic impact, crater-filling stratigraphy, and collateral effects of impact at Wetumpka Crater, Alabama, USA (abstract #50205). Geological Society of America Annual Meeting, Abstracts with Programs, Volume 31, No. 7, p. A-124.

no link found

King Jr. D. T., Neathery T. L., Petruny L. W., Koeberl C., Hames W. E., Wolf L. W. (2000) Evidence of meteoritic impact and crater-filling stratigraphy, Wetumpka Crater, Alabama, USA (abstract #GS-25.5.9). Abstracts Volume of the 31st International Geological Congress, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

no link found

King Jr. D. T., Ormö J. (eds.) (2007) Marine impact craters on Earth: Field investigation of the Wetumpka impact structure, a well-preserved marine impact crater, and the K-T boundary in the Alabama Gulf Coastal Plain: Wetumpka Field Forum 2007, Guidebook and Abstracts.

no link found

Wetumpka field forum – report of a successful field excursion: Impacts in the field, Volume 3, Summer 2007, p. 7-10.

no link found

King Jr. D. T., Ormö J. (2011) The marine-target Wetumpka impact structure examined in the field and by shallow core-hole drilling, in Garry W. B., Bleacher J. E., eds., Analogs for Planetary Exploration: Geological Society of America Special Papers, Vol. 483, 287-300. ISBN: 978-0-8137-2483-6 doi: 10.1130/9780813724836 doi: 10.1130/2011.2483(19)​

http://specialpapers.gsapubs.org/content/483/287.abstract

King Jr. D. T., Ormö J., Harris R. S., Petruny L. (2010) Marine Target Impact Structures and Petroleum Exploration (abstract #90104). Abstracts of the AAPG Annual Convention.

http://www.searchanddiscovery.com/abstracts/pdf/2010/annual/abstracts/ndx_king.pdf

King Jr. D. T., Ormö J., Harris R. S., Petruny L. W., Markin J. K. (2010) New core-hole drilling at Wetumpka impact structure, Alabama – preliminary results (abstract #1424). Abstracts of the 41st Lunar and Planetary Science Conference.

http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2010/pdf/1424.pdf

King Jr. D. T., Ormö J., Harris R. S., Petruny L. W., Markin J. K. (2010) Wetumpka impact structure, Alabama: Results from new core-hole drilling during 2009 (abstract #69-15). Geological Society of America, 2010 GSA Denver Annual Meeting, Abstracts with Programs, Volume 42, No. 5, p. 173.

https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2010AM/finalprogram/abstract_177652.htm

King Jr. D. T., Ormö J., Lepinette A., Petruny L. W. (2007) Wetumpka impact structure and the return of sea-water (abstract #115-1). Geological Society of America, 2007 GSA Denver Annual Meeting, Abstracts with Programs, Volume 39, No. 6, p. 311.

https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2007AM/finalprogram/abstract_127401.htm

King Jr. D. T., Ormö J., Morrow J. R., Petruny L. W., Johnson R. C., Neathery T. L. (2005) The role of water in development of the Late Cretaceous Wetumpka impact crater, coastal plain of Alabama (abstract #3035). Workshop on The Role of Volatiles and Atmospheres on Martian Impact Craters, Lunar and Planetary Institute.

http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/volatiles2005/pdf/3035.pdf

King Jr. D. T., Ormö J., Petruny L. W. (2007) Core drilling on the rim of the Wetumpka impact structure, Alabama, USA (abstract #2178). Abstracts of the 38th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference.

http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2007/pdf/2178.pdf

King Jr. D. T., Ormö J., Petruny L. W. (2014) Tsunami generation and subsequent aqueous resurge at a 5-km diameter marine impact structure, Wetumpka, Alabama, USA (abstract #5158). Abstracts of the 77th Annual Meteoritical Society Meeting.

http://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/metsoc2014/pdf/5158.pdf

King Jr. D. T., Ormö J., Petruny L. W., Harris R. S., Johnson R. C., Markin J. K., Neathery T. L., Tabares Rodenas P. (2011) Shallow subsurface stratigraphy of Wetumpka impact structure, Alabama (USA) (abstract #2335). Abstracts of the 42nd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference

http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2011/pdf/2335.pdf

King Jr. D. T., Ormö J., Petruny L., Harris R. S., Markin J. K., Johnson R. C., Tabares Rodenas P., RodesneyS. N., Neathery T. L. (2011) Shallow stratigraphic cross-section of Wetumpka impact structure, Alabama (abstract #117-10). Geological Society of America 2011 Annual Meeting, Abstracts with Programs, Volume 43, No. 5, p. 306.

https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2011AM/finalprogram/abstract_193136.htm  

King Jr. D. T., Ormö J., Petruny L. W., Lepinette A. (2013) Wetumpka impact structure (Alabama) and its outwards tsunami generation and subsequent resurge (abstract #226-2). Geological Society of America, 125th Anniversary Annual Meeting & Exposition, Abstracts with Programs, Volume 45, No. 7, p. 543.

https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2013AM/webprogram/Paper224204.html

King Jr. D. T., Ormö J., Petruny L. W., Lepinette A. (2014) Wetumpka Impact Structure (Alabama): tsunami generation and subsequent resurge (abstract #2139). Abstracts of the 45th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference.

http://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2014/pdf/2139.pdf

King Jr. D. T., Ormö J., Petruny L. W., Markin J. K., Tabares Rodenas P., Johnson R. C., Neathery T. L. (2012) Shallow subsurface stratigraphy of the Wetumpka impact structure, Alabama USA (abstract #5265). Abstracts of the 75th Annual Meteoritical Society Meeting.

http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/metsoc2012/pdf/5265.pdf

King Jr. D. T., Ormö J., Petruny L. W., Morrow J. R., Johnson R. C., Neathery T. L. (2005) Target affected morphology of the Wetumpka (marine) impact crater, USA (abstract #5301). Abtracts of the 68th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical Society.

http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/metsoc2005/pdf/5301.pdf

King Jr. D. T., Ormö J., Petruny L. W., Morrow J. R., Johnson R. C., Neathery T. L. (2006) Process reconstruction of the Late Cretaceous Wetumpka impact structure (Alabama, USA), a shallow marine impact feature (abstract). Conference on Impact craters as indicators for planetary environmental evolution and astrobiology, June 8 - 14, Östersund, Sweden.

no link found - referenced http://alcala.cab.inta-csic.es:8080/CV_inves/CV_ormoj.pdf

King Jr. D. T., Ormö J., Petruny L. W., Morrow J. R., Johnson R. C., Neathery T. L. (2007) Process reconstruction of the Late Cretaceous Wetumpka impact structure (Alabama, USA), a shallow marine impact feature. In: King D.T. and Ormö J. (Eds.) Wetumpka Field Forum 2007 Guidebook and Abstracts. Wetumpka, Alabama (USA), 119 pp.

no link found - referenced http://alcala.cab.inta-csic.es:8080/CV_inves/CV_ormoj.pdf

King Jr. D. T., Ormö J., Petruny L. W., Morrow J. R., Neathery T. L. (2006) Excavation and modification of the Late Cretaceous Wetumpka impact structure (Alabama), a shallow marine impact feature (abstract #2019). Abstracts of the 37th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference.

http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2006/pdf/2019.pdf

King Jr. D. T., Ormö J., Petruny L. W., Neathery T. L. (2006) Role of water in the formation of the Late Cretaceous Wetumpka impact structure, inner Gulf Coastal Plain of Alabama, USA. Meteoritics and Planetary Science, Volume 41, Issue 10, pp. 1625-1631. doi: 10.1111/j.1945-5100.2006.tb00440.x

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1945-5100.2006.tb00440.x/abstract

King Jr. D. T., Ormö J., Petruny L. W., Neathery T. L., Gilomen A. T., Glidewell J., de Villiers G., Johnson R. C. (2007) Marine impact craters on Earth: Field investigation of the Wetumpka impact structure, a well-preserved marine impact crater, and the K-T boundary in the Alabama Gulf Coastal Plain. GSA Today, Volume 17, No. 9 (September), p. 57-58.

ftp://rock.geosociety.org/pub/GSAToday/gt0709.pdf

King Jr. D. T., Petruny L. W. (1999) Cross-section of Wetumpka impact crater, Alabama, in King, D.T., Jr. and L.W. Petruny, eds., Wetumpka impact crater guidebook: Auburn, Alabama, 29p.

http://www.auburn.edu/~kingdat/wetumpkawebpage3.htm#seven

King Jr. D. T., Petruny L. W. (1999) Wetumpka impact crater guidebook, Auburn, Alabama, 29p. 1999.  Guidebook available by donation:

http://www.wetumpkaimpactcrater.com/Donate_To_The_Crater_Fun_BU.html

King Jr. D. T., Petruny L. W. (2003) Alabama's stratigraphic and historic record of meteoritic impact events (abstract #5-10). South-Central Section (37th) and Southeastern Section (52nd), GSA Joint Annual Meeting.

https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2003SC/finalprogram/abstract_49461.htm

King Jr. D. T., Petruny L. W. (2005) The stratigraphic and historic record of meteoritic impact events in Alabama (abstract #5317). 68th Annual Meteoritical Society Meeting.

http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/metsoc2005/pdf/5317.pdf

King Jr. D. T., Petruny L. W. (2007) Impact Structures and Craters of the U.S. Gulf Coastal States. Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions, Volume 57, pp. 409-425.

http://archives.datapages.com/data/gcags_pdf/2007/kingpetr.htm

King Jr. D. T., Petruny L. W. (2009) Upper Cretaceous chalk at Wetumpka impact structure, Alabama: post impact sediment? (abstract #2381) 40th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference.

http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2009/pdf/2381.pdf

King Jr. D. T., Petruny L. W. (2010) Wetumpka Impact Structure, Alabama, and its Impact Ejecta. Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions, Volume 60, p. 369-377.

http://archives.datapages.com/data/gcags_pdf/2010/Papers/kingpetr.html

King Jr. D. T., Petruny L. W. (2012) Wetumpka impact structure's central breccia locality, Breccia Hill (Elmore County, Alabama) (abstract #104-8). Geological Society of America 2012 Annual Meeting, Abstracts with Programs, Volume 44, No. 7, p. 277.

https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2012AM/webprogramschedule/Paper212090.html

King D. T. Jr., Petruny L. W. 2017. Stratigraphy of Breccia Hill Section, Wetumpka Impact Structure, Alabama (abstract #6170) Abstracts of the 80th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical Society

https://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/metsoc2017/pdf/6170.pdf

King Jr. D. T., Petruny L. W., Harris R. S., Glidewell J., Johnson R. C. (2008) Comparison of marine-crater stratigraphy: Chesapeake Bay and Wetumpka (abstract #3110). Large Meteorite Impacts and Planetary Evolution IV (2008) conference

http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lmi2008/pdf/3110.pdf

King Jr. D. T., Petruny L. W. , Johnson R. C., Gilomen A. T., Gibson J. C., de Villiers G. (2006) Wetumpka's Annual "Crater Tours" -- An Unusual Educational Outreach Activity in Planetary Science (abstract #1905). Abstracts of the 37th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference

http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2006/pdf/1905.pdf

King Jr. D. T., Petruny L. W. , Johnson R. C., Gilomen A. T., Gibson J. C., de Villiers G. (2006) Wetumpka's "Crater Tours" - Impact Geology and Educational Outreach in the Field (abstract #35-8). Geological Society of America, Southeastern Section 55th Annual Meeting, Abstracts with Programs, Volume 38, No. 3, p. 82.

https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2006SE/finalprogram/abstract_102131.htm

King Jr. D. T., Petruny L. W., Neathery T. L. (1999) Drilling into the Wetumpka impact crater, Alabama. VOYAGES! magazine, May/June, p. 8-10.

http://www.auburn.edu/~kingdat/wetumpkawebpage3.htm#seven

King Jr. D. T., Petruny L. W., Neathery T. L. (2002) Stratigraphy drilled at Wetumpka impact structure, Alabama (abstract #7). Geological Society of America, 2002 Denver Annual Meeting, Abstracts with Programs, Volume 34, No. 6, p. 318.

https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2002AM/webprogram/Paper45034.html

King Jr. D. T., Petruny L. W., Neathery T. L. (2002) Upward-facies transition analysis in interpretation of stratigraphic sequence within the Wetumpka impact structure, a Cretaceous marine impact in Alabama, USA (abstract). EOS Transactions, American Geophysical Union (AGU) Fall Meeting abstracts, Volume 83.

http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002AGUFMOS22C0295K

King Jr. D. T., Petruny L. W., Neathery T. L. (2003) Structure-filling stratigraphy of the marine-target Wetumpka impact structure, Alabama, USA. In ICDP-USGS Workshop on deep drilling in the central crater of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure, Virginia, USA, Proceedings Volume. U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 2004-1016, p. 32-33.

https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1016/2004-1016.pdf

King Jr. D. T., Petruny L. W., Neathery T. L. (2004) The horseshoe-shaped rim of Wetumpka marine impact crater -- from oblique impact or heterogeneity in the rim? (abstract #110-13). Geological Society of America, 2004 Denver Annual Meeting, Abstracts with Programs, Volume 36, No. 5, p. 266.

https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2004AM/finalprogram/abstract_74297.htm

King Jr. D. T., Petruny L. W., Neathery T. L. (2006) Paleobiologic effects of the Late Cretaceous Wetumpka marine impact, a 7.6-km diameter impact structure, Gulf Coastal Plain, USA, in Cockell C., Koeberl C., Gilmour I. [eds.], Biological Processes Associated with Impact Events (Impact Studies), Berlin, Springer, p. 121-142. DOI: 10.1007/3-540-25736-5_6 ISBN 978-3-540-25736-3

http://www.springer.com/us/book/9783540257356

or

http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/3-540-25736-5_6

King Jr. D. T., Petruny L. W., Neathery T. L. (2007) Ecosystem perturbation caused by a small Late Cretaceous marine impact, Gulf Coastal Plain, USA. Geological Society of America, Special Papers, Volume 424, pp. 97-107. DOI: 10.1130/2007.2424(06)

http://specialpapers.gsapubs.org/content/424/97.abstract

King Jr. D. T., Petruny L. W., Neathery T. L. (2008) Wetumpka Impact Effects. In King Jr. D. T. and Petruny L. W. (eds.). Wetumpka Impact Crater Guidebook, 3rd Edition. Auburn, Parsimony Press. pp. 34-45. Guidebook available by donation:

http://www.wetumpkaimpactcrater.com/Donate_To_The_Crater_Fun_BU.html?

Markin J. (2010) An investigation of the sedimentary characteristics of resurge facies, Wetumpka marine impact structure, central Alabama (abstract #90112). American Association of Petrolium Geologists, Abstracts of AAPG Foundation 2010 Grants-in-Aid Projects.

http://www.searchanddiscovery.com/abstracts/pdf/2010/gia/abstracts/ndx_markin.pdf

Markin J. K., King Jr. D. T. (2011) Sedimentary Characteristics of Fine-Grained Resurge Facies, Wetumpka Marine Impact Structure, Central Alabama (abstract and poster). AAPG Annual Convention and Exhibition.

http://www.searchanddiscovery.com/pdfz/documents/2011/50445markin/ndx_markin.pdf.html

Markin J. K., King Jr. D. T. (2012) Wetumpka Impact Structure’s Resurge Chalk Deposits — Insights from X-Ray Computed Tomography (abstract). Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies (GCAGS) and Gulf Coast Society for Sedimentary Geology (GC-SEPM) 6th Annual Convention. Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions, 2012, pp. 265-271.

http://archives.datapages.com/data/gcags/data/062/062001/265_gcags620265.htm

Markin J. K., King Jr. D. T., Ormö J. (2011) Wetumpka Resurge Chalk Deposits — Insights from X-Ray Computed Tomography (abstract #2579). Abstracts of the 42nd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference.

http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2011/pdf/2579.pdf

McGlamery W., Hastings E. L. (1960) Guidebook to selected outcrops of the Eutaw Formation and Selma group near Montgomery, Alabama. Geological Survey of Alabama Information Series no. 18. Geological Survey of Alabama. University of Alabama, 14 pp.

no link found

McGowin W. (1996) The Wetumpka Astrobleme. Alabama Hertiage. Issue 42, Fall 1996, pp. 12-13.

http://www.alabamaheritage.com/issue-42-fall-1996.html

Morrow J. R., King Jr. D. T. (2007) Petrography of shocked-quartz sand in slumpback breccia, central Wetumpka impact structure, Alabama (abstract #5009). Abstracts of the 70th Annual Meteoritical Society Meeting.

http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/metsoc2007/pdf/5009.pdf 

Neathery T. L. (1983) Descriptions (of stops - Wetumpka astrobleme), In Carrington T. J. (ed.) Current studies of Cretaceous formations in eastern Alabama and Columbus, Georgia. A Guidebook for the Twentieth Annual Field Trip of the Alabama Geological Society, pp. 48-52.

http://archives.datapages.com/data/alabama/30/roadlogs.html

Neathery T. L., Bentley R. D., Lines G. C. (1976) Cryptoexplosion structure near Wetumpka, Alabama, Geological Society of America Bulletin, Volume 87, No. 4, p. 567-573. Reprinted in Alabama Geological Society Guidebook No. 20 (1983) and The Wetumpka impact structure and related features, Geological Society Guidebook No. 34c (1997) and Geological Survey of Alabama Reprint Series 44.

http://digital.archives.alabama.gov/cdm/singleitem/collection/adah/id/524/rec/3

or

http://www.gsa.state.al.us/documents/pubs/onlinepubs/Reprint_series/RS44.PDF

Neathery T. L., King Jr. D. T., Wolf L. W. (eds.) (1997) The Wetumpka impact structure and related features, A guidebook prepared for the Annual Meeting of the South Eastern Section Geological Society of America. (see also, reprint: Alabama Geological Society Guidebook 34c, 68p. 1997)

http://archives.datapages.com/data/alabama/47/roadlog.htm

Nelson A. I. (2000) Geological mapping of Wetumpka impact crater area, Elmore County, Alabama, [unpublished M.S. thesis]: Auburn, Alabama, Auburn University, 187 pages.

no link found

Ormö J., Lepinette A., King Jr. D. T., Petruny L. W. (2007) Structure of the Wetumpka Impact Crater: Drill-Core, Field Data, and Numerical Simulation (abstract #8073). Abstracts of the Bridging the Gap II: Effect of Target Properties on the Impact Cratering Process conference, Lunar and Planetary Institute.

http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/gap2007/pdf/8073.pdf

Ormö J., King Jr. D. T., Harris R. S., Petruny L. W., Markin J. K. (2010) Sediment-laden flow of Moorville Chalk within the interior of Wetumpka marine target impact structure, Alabama: Evidence for a shallow water resurge (abstract #1430).  Absracts of the 41st Lunar and Planetary Science conference.

http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2010/pdf/1430.pdf

Ormö J., King Jr. D. T., Lepinette A., Petruny L. W., Markin J. K. (2014) Tsunami generation and subsequent resurge at the Wetumpka impact structure (Alabama, USA). 31st Nordic Geological Winter Meeting, Geological Society of Sweden, 31 NGWM Program and Abstract Volume, p. 164.

http://www.academia.edu/16236809/31_NGWM_Program_and_Abstract_Volume 

Petruny L. W., King Jr. D. T., Harris R. S. (2011) Wetumpka's Baillif Hill Stratigraphic Section — Mixed Crystalline and Sedimentary Megablocks and Impact Breccia (abstract #2406). Abstracts of the 42nd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference.

http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2011/pdf/2406.pdf 

Petruny L. W., King Jr. D. T., Neathery T. L. (2006) Structure-filling Stratigraphy of the Late Cretaceous Wetumpka Marine-target Impact Structure, Alabama (abstract #35-9). Geological Society of America, Southeastern Section 55th Annual Meeting, Abstracts with Programs, Volume 38, No. 3, p. 82.

https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2006SE/finalprogram/abstract_102136.htm

Petruny L. W., King Jr. D. T., Tabares Rodenas P. (2012) A shallow excavation transect across the Wetumpka impact structure, Alabama - The El Paso Gas Company pipeline cut (abstract #2546). Abstracts of the 43rd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference.

http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2012/pdf/2546.pdf

Plescia J. B. (2009) Wetumpka impact structure, Alabama: gravity survey (abstract #1218). 40th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference.

http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2009/pdf/1218.pdf

Robbins E. A., Wolf L., King Jr. D. T. (2011) Gravity modeling of the Wetumpka impact crater, Alabama(abstract #14-4). Geological Society of America, Southeastern Section 60th Annual Meeting, Abstracts with Programs, Volume 43, No. 2, p. 30.

https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2011SE/finalprogram/abstract_185801.htm

Robbins E. A., Wolf L. W., King Jr. D. T. (2011) Wetumpka impact structure (Alabama) – A gravity model (abstract #2732) 42nd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference.

http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2011/pdf/2732.pdf

Rodesney S. N., Harris R. S., King Jr. D. T., Petruny L. W. (2010) Evidence for an exposed central uplift in the Wetumpka impact structure, Alabama, USA (abstract #5393). Abstracts of the 73rd Annual Meteoritical Society Meeting.

http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/metsoc2010/pdf/5393.pdf

Rodesney S. N., King Jr. D. T., Harris R. S. (2012) Mineralogy of impactite sands from AU drill core #09-04, Wetumpka impact structure, Alabama (abstract #104-7). Geological Society of America 2012 Annual Meeting, Abstracts with Programs. Volume 44, No. 7, p. 277.

https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2012AM/webprogramschedule/Paper213178.html

Tabares Rodenas P. (2012) Drill-Core And Geophysical Investigation Of The Western Part Of The Crystalline Rim OfWetumpka Impact Structure, Alabama. Master's Thesis, Auburn University, Alabama.

https://etd.auburn.edu/handle/10415/3208

Tabares Rodenas P., King Jr. D. T. (2013) Reconstruction of the Western Rim, Wetumpka Impact Structure, Alabama: Clues to Excavation Processes in a Foliated Metasedimentary Target (abstract). 63rd Annual Convention Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies and the Gulf Coast Section of SEPM, GCAGS and GCSSEPM 63rd Annual Convention.

http://www.searchanddiscovery.com/abstracts/html/2013/90167gcags/abstracts/taba.htm

Tabares Rodenas P., King Jr. D. T., Marzen L. J., Petruny L., Ormö J. (2012) LiDAR Digital Elevation Model and Topographic Cross-Sectional Analysis of Wetumpka Impact Structure, Alabama (abstract). American Association of Petrolium Geologists Annual Convention and Exhibition.

http://www.searchanddiscovery.com/pdfz/documents/2012/50696tabares/ndx_tabares.pdf.html

Tabares Rodenas P., King Jr. D. T., Ormö J. (2013) Drill-core and geophysical investigation of the western partof the crystalline rim, Wetumpka impact structure, Alabama. Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions, Volume 63, pp. 439–448.

http://archives.datapages.com/data/gcags/data/063/063001/439_gcags630439.htm

Tabares Rodenas P., King Jr. D. T., Ormö J., Petruny L. W., Marzen L. J. (2012) New LiDAR Digital Elevation Model and Geological Map — Wetumpka Impact Structure, Alabama (abstract #2522). Abstracts of the 43rd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference.

http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2012/pdf/2522.pdf

Tabares Rodenas P., King Jr. D. T., Ormö J., Petruny L. W., Marzen L. J. (2013) Reconstruction of the Western Rim of the Wetumpka Impact Structure: Clues to the Excavation Process in a Foliated Metasedimentary Target (abstract #2383). Abstracts of the 44th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference.

http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2013/pdf/2383.pdf

Wartho J-A, van Soest M. C., Cooper F. J., Spray J. G., Schmieder M., Buchner E., King Jr. D. T., Ukstins Peate I., Koeberl C., Reimold W. U., Biren M. B., Petruny L. W., Hodges K. V. (2012) (U-Th)/He dating of impact structures – the big, the small, and the potential limitations (abstract #5279). Abstracts of the 75th Annual Meteoritical Society Meeting.

http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/metsoc2012/pdf/5279.pdf

Wartho J-A, van Soest M. C., King Jr. D. T., Petruny L. W., Hodges K. V. (2011) An (U-Th)/He Geochronological age for the shallow-marine Wetumpka impact structure, Alabama, USA (abstract #1524). Abstracts of the 42nd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference.

http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2011/pdf/1524.pdf

Wartho J-A, van Soest M. C., Ukstins Peate I, King Jr. D. T., Petruny L. W., Hodges K. V. (2011) A tale of two craters: (U-Th)/He dating and modelling of age resetting of two small/low energy impact structures (abstract #5099). Abstracts of the 74th Annual Meteoritical Society Meeting.

http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/metsoc2011/pdf/5099.pdf

Wolf L. W., Plescia J., Steltenpohl M. G. (1997) Geophysical investigation of a "suspect" impact crater in Wetumpka, Alabama. In The Wetumpka impact structure and related features, Southeastern Section of the Geological Society of America Field Trip Guidebook, (Alabama Geological Society Guidebook 34c) p. 57-68.

http://archives.datapages.com/data/alabama/47/57.htm

--------------------------------------

An excellent and very thorough introduction to the Wetumpka impact crater has been provided online by Dr. David King, of Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, at the following website: http://www.auburn.edu/~kingdat/wetumpkawebpage3.htm#seven