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Serpent Mound Crater - The Earth Impact Database, maintained by the University of New Brunswick, lists the Serpent Mound impact crater as an 8 kilometer structure exposd at the surface in sedimentary rock. The database lists an age of less than 320 million years. (Mississippian or younger.) Wikipedia places the crater in Ohio's Adams, Pike, and Highland counties. The location was declared a National Natural Landmark in 1981. Some platforms where you can buy dissertation help specialize in providing essays for students with specific learning needs. By offering customized support and adapting writing styles to individual learning preferences, these services ensure that students with diverse academic challenges receive personalized assistance that helps them succeed. College writing is a rewarding yet challenging part of academic life, demanding clear expression of ideas and adherence to strict standards. Balancing multiple assignments can be overwhelming, but resources like https://writepapers.com/write-my-literature-review offer reliable support. These services provide expert assistance, helping students refine their writing and achieve academic success more confidently.
Age: Cohen et al., 1961, found coesite in shatter cones in the Middle Silurian Lilley dolomite.
Evidence of Impact Origin
The impact origin of each location listed on this website has been supported by unambiguous diagnostic evidence of hypervelocity impact that has been reported in a scientific (usually peer reviewed) context. Without such evidence, a geological structure is not a confirmed impact crater. This section, which is included for each crater on this website, is not an exhaustive list of such published evidence, but is meant to demonstrate that appropriate work has been done for each listing.
Koeberl, C., Buchanan, P. C., Carlton., Petrography and Geochemistry of Drill Core Samples from the Serpent Mound Structure, Ohio: Confirmation of Impact Origin, LPSC XXIX, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, TX, (CD-ROM). 1998.
http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/LPSC98/pdf/1392.pdf
Richard W. Carlton, Christian Koeberl, Mark T. Baranoski, Gregory A. Schumacher, Discovery of microscopic evidence for shock metamorphism at the Serpent Mound structure, south-central Ohio: confirmation of an origin by impact, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Volume 162, Issues 1–4, October 1998, Pages 177-185.
http://www.univie.ac.at/geochemistry/koeberl/publikation_list/145-Serpent-Mound-EPSL1998.pdf
Nature of diagnostic evidence:
Other significant evidence: breccia, morphology.
Bibliography and References:
(If links to articles don't work, don't give up. Try pasting the link shown into a search engine or searching for the article authors, title, or other reference information. If your research leads you to additional scientific references related to this crater, please help improve this resource by sending a note with the new citation(s) to: )
Angerman, C. E., Gaddis, S. J., Widom, E., Hughes, J. M. (2001) Origin of the Serpent Mound cryptoexplosion structure; evidence from X-ray diffraction studies (abstract). Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs. Vol. 33, no. 4, p. 50.
https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2001NC/finalprogram/abstract_5634.htm
Baranoski, M. T. (1993) Interpretation of seismic data acquired over the Serpent Mound disturbance in Adams County, Ohio. In: An update on Ohio's subsurface. Ohio Geological Society. Columbus, Ohio.
http://www.ohgeosoc.org/publications/016.pdf
Baranoski, M. T., 2002, Structure-contour map on the Precambrian unconformity surface in Ohio and related basement features. Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological Survey Map PG-23, scale 1:500,000, 18 p. text.
http://geosurvey.ohiodnr.gov/portals/geosurvey/PDFs/Misc_State_Maps&Pubs/Map-PG-23_2002.pdf
Baranoski, M. T., 2013, Structure contour map on the Precambrian unconformity surface in Ohio and related basement features (version 2.0). Columbus, Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological Survey Map PG-23, scale 1:500,000, 17p. text.
http://geosurvey.ohiodnr.gov/portals/geosurvey/PDFs/Misc_State_Maps&Pubs/Map-PG-23_Vers-2.pdf
Baranoski, M. T, Watts, D. R. (2001) The Serpent Mound disturbance of southern Ohio; a structurally complex impact site with hydrocarbon potential from the Ordovician and Cambrian system reservoirs (abstract). Abstracts of the American Association of Petroleum Geology 2001 Eastern Section Meeting.
http://www.searchanddiscovery.com/abstracts/html/2001/eastern/abstracts/baranoski.htm
Baranoski, M. T., Schumacher, G. A., Carlton, R. W., Watts, D. R., Elsaiti, B. M., Koeberl, C. (1998) The Serpent Mound disturbance of south-central Ohio; the ultimate geological lottery (abstract). Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs. vol. 30, no.2, p. 4.
no link found
Baranoski, M. T., Schumacher, G. A., Watts, D. R., Carlton, R. W., Elsaiti, E. (1997) Hydrocarbon potential beneath the Knox Unconformity in the vicinity of the Serpent Mound disturbance based upon new core and geophysical data. in Proceedings of the Ohio Geological Society Fifth Annual Technical Symposium, Janssens, A., chairperson, pp. 1-11, Ohio Geological Survey. Columbus, OH.
http://www.ohgeosoc.org/publications/021.pdf
Baranoski, M. T., Schumacher, G. A., Watts, D. R., Carlton, R. W., Elsaiti, B. (2003) Subsurface geology of the Serpent Mound disturbance, Adams, Highland, and Pike Counties, Ohio. Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Geological Survey Report of Investigation, RI 146.
http://www.ohiogeologystore.com/browse.cfm/serpent-mound-disturbance/4,31.html
Batsche, R. W. (1963) Field study and geological interpretation of a gravity anomaly located in the Fayette County, Ohio area. Master's Thesis, Ohio State University, Columbus.
no link found
Bridges, L. W. D. (1997) Ames depression, Oklahoma: Domal collapse and later subsurface solution, in Ames Structure in Northwest Oklahoma and Similar Features: Origin and Petroleum Production (1995 Symposium), Johnson, K. S. and Campbell, J. A., editors, Oklahoma Geological Survey Circular 100, p. 154.
http://www.ogs.ou.edu/pubsscanned/Circulars/Circular100.pdf
Bucher W. H. 1921 Cryptovolcanic structure in Ohio of the type of the Steinheim Basin (abstract), Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, Volume 32, pages 74-75.
https://books.google.com/books?id=nitYAAAAYAAJ
[described Serpent Mound as similar in structure and origin to Steinheim crater (a 'cryptovolcanic structure' a the time) in Germany.]
Bucher, W. H. (1933) Über eine typische kryptovulkanische Störung im südlichen Ohio: Geologische Rundschau 23A: 65-80.
no link found
Bucher, Walter H. (1936) Cryptovolcanic Structures in the United States. 16th International Geological Congress Report, Volume 2.
https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70035108
(other of Walter H. Bucher's early works may also discuss Serpent Mound)
Bull, C., Corbato, C. E., Zahn, J. C. (1967) Gravity survey of the Serpent Mound area, southern Ohio. The Ohio Journal of Science, volume 67, number 6, pp. 359-371.
https://kb.osu.edu/dspace/handle/1811/5345
Burnette, C. S., Schellenbach, W. L., Wainer, R. C., Chance, D., McDonald, A., Krekeler, M. P.S., Mineralogical investigations of a meteorite impact breccia from the serpent mound archaeological site, Adams County Ohio (abstract). Abstracts of the 2010 Geological Society of America Denver Annual Meeting, Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, Vol. 42, No. 5, p. 109
http://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2010AM/finalprogram/abstract_180871.htm
Burnette, C. S., Schellenbach, W. L., Wainer, R. C., Chance, D., McDonald, A., Krekeler, M. P.S. (2010) Distribution and formation of an anomalous breccia within the Serpent Mound impact crater (abstract). Abstracts of the North-Central Section (44th Annual) and South-Central Section (44th Annual) Joint Meeting of the GSA, Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, Vol. 42, No. 2, p. 92.
https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2010NC/finalprogram/abstract_171012.htm
Carlton, R. W., Koeberl, C., Baranoski, M. T., Schumacher, G. A. (1998) Discovery of planar deformation features at the Serpent Mound disturbance, south-central Ohio; unequivocal evidence for an impact (abstract). Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs. vol. 30, no. 2, p. 8.
no link found
Carlton, R. W., C. Koeberl, Baranosku, M. T., and G. A. Schumacher (1998), Discovery of microscopic evidence for shock metamorphism at the Serpent Mound structure, south-central Ohio: Confirmation of an origin by impact, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Volume 162, Issues 1–4, October 1998, Pages 177–185. doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(98)00166-6
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X98001666
or
http://www.univie.ac.at/geochemistry/koeberl/publikation_list/145-Serpent-Mound-EPSL1998.pdf
Cohen, A. J., Reid, A. M., Bunch, T. E. (1962) Central uplifts of terrestrial and lunar craters (abstract). Abstracts of the papers presented at the First Western National Meeting, American Geophysical Union, Los Angeles, California, Journal of Geophysical Research, volume 67, issue 4, pp. 1632-1633. DOI: 10.1029/JZ067i004p01627
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/JZ067i004p01627/abstract
Cohen, A. J., Bunch, T. E., Reid, A. M. (1961) Coesite discoveries establish cryptovolcanics as fossil meteorite craters. Science, volume 134, number 3490, pp. 1624-1625. doi: 10.1126/science.134.3490.162
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/134/3490/1624
Darling, A., Carlson, E. (1996) Application of color alteration index to conodonts of the Brassfield Limestone, within and around the serpent mound cryptoexplosion structure, Adams County Ohio. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs. volume 28, no. 3.
no link found
Dietz, R. S. (1960) Meteorite impact suggested by shatter cones in rock. Science, Volume 131, number 3416, pp. 1781-1784. doi: 10.1126/science.131.3416.1781.
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/131/3416/1781.extract
Duncan B. A. Jr., Milam K. A., Johnson L. (2010) Is the Serpent Mound impact structure larger than first proposed? (abstract). Abstracts of the Geological Society of American Joint Meeting North-Central & South-Central, GSA Abstracts with Programs, volume 42, no. 2, p. 93.
https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2010NC/finalprogram/abstract_171241.htm
or
http://www.geosociety.org/sections/nc/2010mtg/nc-sc2010_awp.pdf
Flaugher, D. M. (1973) A gravity survey of the Serpent Mound cryptoexplosion structure and surrounding area in southern Ohio. Master's thesis, Wright State University. Dayton, OH.
no link found
Foerste, A.F. (transcribed by G. A. Schumacher with assistance from M. Hackathorn) (2002) August F. Foerste’s unpublished field notes for the area of the Serpent Mound disturbance; Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological Survey, Open-File Report, Paper 2002-01, 21 p.
http://geosurvey.ohiodnr.gov/portals/geosurvey/PDFs/OpenFileReports/OFR_2002-01_foerste.pdf
Gabreski C. R., Milam K. A. (2010) Serpent Mound: A Late Silurian-Middle Devonian or post-Mississippian-aged impact? (abstract). Abstracts of the Geological Society of American Joint Meeting North-Central & South-Central, GSA Abstracts with Programs, volume 42, no. 2, p. 92-93.
http://www.geosociety.org/sections/nc/2010mtg/nc-sc2010_awp.pdf
Gaddis, S. J. (2001), The origin of the Serpent Mound cryptoexplosion structure, south-central Ohio: Evidence from Os isotopes and x-ray diffraction, Master's Thesis, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio.
no link found
Gaddis, S. J., Angerman, C. E., Widom, E., Hughes, J. M. (2001) Origin of the Serpent Mound Cryptoexplosion structure, south-central Ohio: XRD and Re-Os isotope evidence (abstract). Abstracts of the Eleventh Annual V. M. Goldschmidt Conference, May, 2001, Roanoke, VA.
http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/gold2001/pdf/3737.pdf
Galbraith, R. M., IV (1968) Peripheral deformation of the Serpent Mound cryptoexplosion structure in Adams County, Ohio. Master's thesis, University of Cincinnati. Cincinnati, OH.
no link found
Galbraith, R. M., IV, Koucky, F. L. (1969) Peripheral deformation of the Serpent Mound cryptoexplosion structure in Adams County, Ohio. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, volume 1, part 6, p. 17.
no link found
Grieve, R. A. F. and Masaitis, V. L. (1994) The economic potential of terrestrial impact craters. International Geology Review, v. 36, pp. 105-151. doi: 10.1080/00206819409465452
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00206819409465452
Hansen, M. C. (1994) Return to Sunken Mountain; the Serpent Mound cryptoexplosion structure. Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological Survey, Ohio Geology, pp. 1, 3-7.
http://geosurvey.ohiodnr.gov/portals/geosurvey/PDFs/newsletter/Winter94.pdf
Heirendt, K. M. (1988) An analysis of 222Rn soil gas concentrations in the Serpent Mound area, southwestern Ohio. Master's thesis, University of Akron. Akron, OH, 86 pages.
no link found
Hester A. M., Milam K. A. (2010) The Serpent Mound breccia (SMB): a unique polymict carbonate breccia deposited in the Serpent Mound impact structure, Southeastern Ohio (abstract). Abstracts of the Geological Society of American Joint Meeting North-Central & South-Central, GSA Abstracts with Programs, volume 42, no. 2, p. 92.
http://www.geosociety.org/sections/nc/2010mtg/nc-sc2010_awp.pdf
or
https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2010NC/finalprogram/abstract_170928.htm
Heyl, A. V., Brock, M. R. (1962) Zinc occurrence in the Serpent Mound structure of Southern Ohio. in Short Papers in Geology Hydrology, and Topography, Articles 120-179 - Geological Survey Research 1962, U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 450-D, pp. D95-D97.
http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0450d/report.pdf
Koeberl, C., Buchanan, P. C., Carlton, R. W. (1998) Petrography and geochemistry of drill core samples from the Serpent Mound structure, Ohio: confirmation of impact origin (abstract). Abstracts of the 29th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, TX.
http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/LPSC98/pdf/1392.pdf
Kopf, R. W. (1981) Hydrotectonics: Principles and Advances (abstract). Abstracts of the European Geological Society Symposia, 1981. EOS Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, volume 62, no. 45, p. 1047. doi: 10.1029/EO062i045p00794
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/EO062i045p00794/abstract
Koucky, F. L., Reidel, S. P. (1987) The Serpent Mound disturbance, south-central Ohio. In D. L. Biggs, editor, North-central section of the Geological Society of America, DNAG Centennial field guide, volume 3. Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO. pp. 431-436.
no link found
Malinski P., Hester A. M., Milam K. A. (2010) Distribution and formation of an anomalous breccia within the Serpent Mound impact crater (abstract). Abstracts of the Geological Society of American Joint Meeting North-Central & South-Central, GSA Abstracts with Programs, volume 42, no. 2, p. 92.
http://www.geosociety.org/sections/nc/2010mtg/nc-sc2010_awp.pdf
McFarland B. P. (1999), Mineralization in the Serpent Mound disturbance and the surrounding region: An investigation using sulfur isotopes, fluid inclusions, and trace elements, Master's Thesis, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio.
no link found
McFarland B. P., Carlson E. H, Talnagi J. W. Jr. (1994) Mineralogic and trace element studies from the Serpent Mound District, Southwest Ohio (abstract). Geological Society of America Annual Meeting, Abstracts with Programs, volume 26, no. 7, p. 500
no link found
McFarland B. P., McMasters P. C., Sanfrey S. L., Amato E. J., Miller T. L., Carlson E. H. (1993) Trace metal patterns in stream sediments and panned concentrates, Serpent Mound disturbance (abstract). Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs. volume 25, no. 6, p. 278.
no link found
Milam K. A. (2007) Petrographic observations of central uplift formation in complex craters (abstract). Abstracts of the Bridging the Gap II: Effect of Target Properties on the Impact Cratering Process conference, Sept. 2007, Saint Hubert, Canada
http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/gap2007/pdf/8053.pdf
Milam K. A. (2010) A revised diameter for the Serpent Mound impact crater in southern Ohio. Ohio Journal of Science, Volume 110, Issue 3, Pages 34-43.
https://kb.osu.edu/dspace/handle/1811/52094
Milam K. A. (2011) A revised diameter for the Serpent Mound impact crater in southern Ohio (abstract). Abstracts of the 42nd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference.
http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2011/pdf/2797.pdf
Milam K. A., Deane B. (2005) Petrogenesis of central uplifts in complex terrestrial impact craters (abstract). Abstracts of the 36th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference.
http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2005/pdf/2161.pdf
Milam K. A., Gabreski C., Baranoski M., Miller D. W. (2010) Evidence of maximum age of the serpent mound impact event from shatter cones, The Ohio Journal of Science, volume 110, no. 3, p. 53-54.
http://kb.osu.edu/dspace/handle/1811/52786
or
https://kb.osu.edu/dspace/handle/1811/52094
Milam K. A., Hester A., Malinski P. (2010) An Anomalous Breccia Associated with the Serpent Mound Impact Crater, Southern Ohio. The Ohio Journal of Science, volume 110, no. 2, pp. 18-30.
http://kb.osu.edu/dspace/handle/1811/52773
or
http://hdl.handle.net/1811/52773
Milam K. A., Hester A. M., Malinski P., Gabreski C. R., Duncan B. A. Jr. (2010) A new look at the Serpent Mound impact crater, Southern Ohio (abstract). Abstracts of the Geological Society of American Joint Meeting North-Central & South-Central, GSA Abstracts with Programs, volume 42, no. 2, p. 92.
http://www.geosociety.org/sections/nc/2010mtg/nc-sc2010_awp.pdf
Milam K. A., Trygstad P. (2014) Structural expression of the crater rim at the heavily-eroded Serpent Mound impact structure (abstract). Abstracts of the 45th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference.
http://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2014/pdf/1444.pdf
Muller O. H. (1986) Long lines and crypto-explosion features (abstract). Abstracts of the American Geophysical Union 1986 Spring Meeting, Eos Transactions of the AGU, volume 67, no. 16, p. 363. doi:10.1029/EO067i016p00229
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/EO067i016p00229/full
Povenmire, H. (2000) The Serpent Mound, Ohio Astrobleme - New Access - Refined Data (abstract). Abstracts of the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical Society, Chicago, Illinois.
http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/metsoc2000/pdf/5080.pdf
Reidel, S. P. (1972) Geology of the Serpent mound cryptoexplosion structure. Master's Thesis, University of Cincinnati, Ohio.
no link found
Reidel S. P. (1975) Bedrock Geology of the Serpent Mound Cryptoexplosion Structure, Adams, Highland, and Pike Counties, Ohio (Map). Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological Survey, Report of Investigations No. 95.
http://hdl.handle.net/2374.UC/744866
or
http://www.ohiogeologystore.com/browse.cfm/serpent-mound-disturbance/4,31.html
Reidel, S. P. (1981) The Serpent Mound Disturbance. Southcentral Ohio: An Example of Hydrotectonics? (abstract). Abstracts of the 1981 European Geological Society Symposia, EOS Transactions of the American geophysical Union, vol. 62. no. 45. p. 1047. doi: 10.1029/EO062i045p00794
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/EO062i045p00794/full
Reidel S. P., Koucky F. L. (1981) The Serpent Mound Cryptoexplosion Structure. Southwestern Ohio. In GSA Cincinnati 1981 Field Trip Guidebooks, Volume II, T. G. Roberts, editor. American Geological Institute, Falls Church, VA.
http://geosurvey.ohiodnr.gov/miscellaneous-pgs/gsa-field-trip-guidebooks-field-guide-reprints
Reidel S. P., Koucky F. L., Stryker J. R. (1982) The Serpent Mound disturbance, southwestern Ohio. American Journal of Science, volume 282, no. 9, pp. 1343-1377. doi:10.2475/ajs.282.9.1343
http://www.ajsonline.org/content/282/9.toc
Sappenfield L. W. (1950) A magnetic survey of the Adams County cryptovolcanic structure. Master's Thesis, University of Cincinnati, Ohio.
no link found; listed in Bull et al., 1967 and others
Sappenfield L. W. (1951) A magnetic survey of the Adams County cryptovolcanic structure. The(?) Compass (of Sigma Gamma Epsilon?), volume 28(29?), pp. 115-124.
uncertain details, referenced in Baranoski, 2002, and others
Sauer K., Krekeler M. P. S. (1997) A small deformed, hydrothermally altered region in Niagara age sediments near Hillsboro, Ohio; a possible relationship to the Serpent Mound cryptoexplosive structure (abstract). Abstracts of the Geological Society of America 1997 Annual Meeting, Abstracts with Programs, volume 29, no. 6, p. 417
no link found; listed in bibliography by K. Littleton, 2002, http://www.meteorite-list-archives.com/2002/sep/0565.html
Schmidt R. G., McFarlan A. C., Nosow E., Bowman R. R., Alberts R. (1961) Examination of the Ordovician through Devonian stratigraphy and the Serpent Mound chaotic structure area, Field Trip 8, Guidebook for Field Trips, Geological Society of America 74th Annual Meeting, Cincinnati, OH. p. 259-293
no link found
Schumacher G. A. (2003) August F. Foerste: The First Geologist to Map the Serpent Mound Disturbance. Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological Survey, Ohio Geology, volume 2003, no. 2, p. 1-5.
http://geosurvey.ohiodnr.gov/portals/geosurvey/PDFs/newsletter/2003No.2.pdf
Schumacher, G. A., Baranoski M. T., Carlton R. W., Watts D. R., Elsaiti B. M. (1998) The Serpent Mound disturbance revisited; new core data. Geological Society of America Meeting, Abstracts with Programs volume 30, no. 2, p. 70.
no link found
Schwendeman J. F. (1971) The placement of Serpent Mound in Adams County, Ohio; an interdisciplinary study in geology, anthropology, and archeology. Compass of Sigma Gamma Epsilon. vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 132-134.
no link found
Summerson C. H. (1963) Serpent Mound structure, Adams County, Ohio, a summary. In: Stratigraphy of the Silurian rocks in western Ohio. Michigan Basin Geological Society Annual Field Excursion 1963. Michigan Geological Survey Division, Lansing, MI. pp. 7-11.
no link found
Swinford E. M. (1985) Geology of the Peebles Quadrangle, Adams County, Ohio. The Ohio Journal of Science, Volume 85, No. 5, pp. 218-230.
http://hdl.handle.net/1811/23098
Trygstad P. M., Milam K. A. (2014) A constrained diameter for the Serpeant Mound complex crater (abstract). Abstracts of the GSA Southeastern Section - 63rd Annual Meeting, Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs. Vol. 46, No. 3, p.29
https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2014SE/webprogram/Paper237104.html
Wainer R. C., Schellenbach W. L., Burnette C., Chance D., McDonald A., Krekeler M. P.S. (2010) A mineralogical investigation of an outcrop of the Berea Sandstone within the Serpent Mound structure, Southwestern Ohio (abstract). Abstracts of the 2010 GSA Denver Annual Meeting, Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, Vol. 42, No. 5, p. 93
https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2010AM/finalprogram/abstract_179125.htm
Watts D. R. (2004) Paleomagnetic determination of the age of the Serpent Mound structure. Ohio Journal of Science, Volume 104, No. 4, pp. 101-108.
https://kb.osu.edu/dspace/handle/1811/25163
Watts D. R., Elsaiti B. M., Baranoski M. T., Schumacher G. A. (1998) Paleomagnetic constraints on the age of the Serpent Mound disturbance of south-central Ohio (abstract). Abstracts of the Geological Society of America North-Central Meeting, Abstracts with Programs, volume 30, no. 2, p. 77.
no link found
Watts D. R., Elsaiti B., Memmi J. M., Weaver J., Baranoski M. B. (1998) The Serpent Mound Magnetic Anomaly: Fingerprint of a Meteorite Impact? (abstract). Abstracts of the American Association of Petrolium Geologists 1998 Eastern Section Meeting, Columbus, Ohio.
http://www.searchanddiscovery.com/abstracts/html/1998/eastern/
Widom E., Gaddis S. J., Wells N. E. Jr. (2004) Re-Os isotope systematics in carbonates from Serpent Mound, Ohio: Implications for Re-Os dating of crustal rocks and the osmium isotopic composition of Ordovician seawater. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, volume 5, issue 3, doi:10.1029/2002GC000444.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2002GC000444/full
Zahn J. C. (1965) A Gravity Survey of the Serpent Mound Area in Southern Ohio. Master's Thesis, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1391764246
Zaleha M. J. (2014) Geophysical subsurface investigation of the Serpent Mound area (Ohio, USA) using electrical resistivity ground imaging (ERGI): evaluation of bedrock controls on surface features (abstract). Abstracts of the 2014 GSA Annual Meeting in Vancouver, British Columbia, Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs. Volume 46, No. 6, p.96.
https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2014AM/webprogram/Paper242927.html
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