United States Meteorite Impact Craters

Manson Crater - The Manson, Iowa, impact crater is not only one of the largest US impact craters, at about 35 km in diameter, it is one of the best known and best studied.  Many popular and scientific articles have been written on the location.  Unlike many impact sites that are completely unknown to the people living within or above them, the town of Manson actually holds an annual Greater Crater Days festival with associated vendors, running events, and so on.  The Earth Impact Database lists the crater as preserved in metamorphic rock, and as about 73.8 million years old.

Evidence of Impact Origin

The impact origin of each location listed on this website has been supported by unambiguous diagnostic evidence of hypervelocity impact that has been reported in a scientific (usually peer reviewed) context.  Without such evidence, a geological structure is not a confirmed impact crater.  This section, which is included for each crater on this website, is not an exhaustive list of such published evidence, but is meant to demonstrate that appropriate work has been done for each listing.

• planar deformation features in quartz

Other significant evidence: (just about everything that you could ask for) breccia, megabreccia, diaplectic and melt glasses, cores with detailed petrographic analysis, morphology, detailed geologic mapping, and so on.

The crater is not exposed on the surface, but has been thesubject of significant study through drilling.

Bibliography and References:

(If links to articles don't work, don't give up. Try pasting the link shown into a search engine or searching for the article authors, title, or other reference information.  If your research leads you to additional scientific references related to this crater, please help improve this resource by sending a note with the new citation(s) to: )

Anderson, R. R., Alexander, E. C., Schilling, K. E., Peate, D. W., & Dorale, J. 2011. The geology and geochemistry of ancient groundwater in the central peak aquifer of the Manson impact structure, Iowa (abstract). Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, Vol. 43, No. 5, p. 29.

Anderson, R. R., Hartung, J. B. 1992. The Manson impact structure; its contribution to impact materials observed at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary. Proceedings of the 22nd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, pp. 101-110.

Anderson, R. R., Hartung, J. B. 1991. The structural configuration of the Manson impact structure, Iowa, as interpreted from seismic data and confirmed by drill samples (abstract). Abstracts of the 22nd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, pp. 25-26.

Anderson, R. R., Hartung, J. B., Reagan, M. K., Bell, M. S. and Plocher,O. 1992. First results from the Manson impact structure core-drilling project: Preliminary observations and interpretations from the M-1 core (abstract). 23rd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, pp. 31-32.

Anderson, R. R., Hartung, J. B., Roddy, D. J. and Shoemaker, E. M. 1992. Research core drilling in the Manson impact structure, Iowa (abstract). International Conference on Large Meteorite Impacts and Planetary Evolution, LPI Contribution No. 790, pp. 2-3.

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Anderson, R. R., Hartung, J.B., Witzke, B.J., Shoemaker, E.M. and Roddy,D.J. 1992. Preliminary results of the U.S.Geological Survey - Iowa Department of Natural Resources Geological Survey Bureau Manson Core Drilling Project. Geological Society of America Special Paper 293, pp. 237-248.

Anderson, R. R., Witzke, B. J. 1994. Bunte breccia-like deposits within the Manson impact structure (Iowa); evidence for impact into a shallow marine environment? (abstract). Abstracts of the 25th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. pp. 31-32.

Anderson, R.R., Witzke, B.J., 1994. The terminal Cretaceous Manson impact structure in north-central Iowa: a window into the late Cretaceous history of the eastern margin of the Western Cretaceous Seaway, in Geological Society of America Special Paper 287, Perspectives on the eastern margin of the Cretaceous Western Interior Basin, pp. 197-210.

Anderson, R. R., Witzuke, B. J., Hammond, R. H. and Watkins, D.K. 1995. Preliminary investigation of shocked grains (Manson ejecta?), paleontology, & depositional features in the Crow Creek member, Pierre shale (Upper Cretaceous) of SE South Dakota and NE Nebraska, and its effect on Upper Cretaceous biota (abstract). Abstracts of the 26th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, pp. 43-44.

Anderson, R. R., Witzke, B. J. and Hartung, J. B. 1993. Preliminary descriptions of impact rocks recovered by recent core drilling in the Manson impact structure (abstract). Abstracts of the 51st Meeting of the Meteoritical Society, Meteoritics, v. 28.

Anderson, R. R., Witzke, B. J., Hartung, J. B., Shoemaker, E. M. and Roddy, D. J. 1993. Descriptions and preliminary interpretations of cores recovered from the Manson impact structure (Iowa) (abstract). Abstracts of the 24th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, pp. 35-36.

Anderson, R. R., Witzke, B. J. and Roddy, D. J. 1996. The drilling of the 1991-1992 Geological Survey Bureau and U.S. Geological Survey Manson impact structure research cores. Geological Society of America Special Paper 302, pp. 45-88.

Bell, M. S., Reagan, M. K., Anderson, R. R., and Foster, C. T., Jr., 1993, Petrography of the crystalline breccias from the Manson M-1 core: Compositional correlation to target lithologies (abstract).  Geological Society of America Abstracts with Program (Annual Meeting), v. 25, p. A222.

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Bell, M. S., Reagan, M. K. Anderson, R. R. and Foster, C. T. Jr. 1993.  Petrography of the crystalline breccias from the Manson M-1 core: Implications for impact breccia emplacement (abstract). Abstracts of the 51st Meeting of the Meteoritical Society, Meteoritics, v. 28.

Bell, M. S., Reagan, M. K., Anderson, R. R., and Foster, C. T., Jr., 1993, Petrography and geochemistry of the crystalline breccias from the Manson M-1 core (abstract). Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union v. 74, p. 386.

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Bell, M. S., Reagan, M. K., Anderson, R. R., and Foster, C. T., Jr., 1994, Compositions of minerals in polymict and suevitic breccias from the Manson M-1 core (abstract). Geological Society of America Abstracts with Program (Annual Meeting), v. 26,  p. A-403.

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Bell, M. S., Reagan, M. K. Anderson, R. R. and Foster, C. T. Jr. 1996. Petrography of crystalline clast breccias from the Manson M-1 core. Geological Society of America Special Paper 302, pp. 221-233.

Bell, M. S., Reagan, M. K. Anderson, R. R. and Foster, C.T. Jr. 1993. Petrography and preliminary interpretations of the crystalline breccias from the Manson M-1 core (abstract). Abstracts of the 24th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, pp. 87-88. 

Blum, J. D., Chamberlain, C. P., Higston, M. P. and Koeberl, C. 1996. Neodymium, strontium and oxygen isotope investigation of the target stratigraphy and impact melt rock from the Manson impact structure. Geological Society of America Special Paper 302, pp. 317-324.

Blum, J. D., Chamberlain, C. P., Higston, M. P., Koeberl, C., Marin, L. E., Schuraytz, C. and Sharpton, V. L. 1993. Isotopic comparison of K/T boundary imapct glass with melt rock from the Chicxulub and Manson impact structures, Nature, v. 364, pp. 325-327. doi:10.1038/364325a0

Blum, J. D., Chamberlain, C. P., Hingston, M. P. and Koeberl, C. 1993. Strontium and oxygen isotope study of M-1, M-3 and M-4 drill core samples from the Manson impact structure, Iowa: Comparison with Haitian K-T impact glasses (abstract). Abstracts of the 24th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, pp. 135-136.

Boer, R. H., Reimold, W. U., Koeberl, C. and Kesler, S.E. 1996. Fluid inclusion studies on drill core samples from the Manson impact crater: Evidence for post-impact hydrothermal activity. Geological Society of America Special Paper 302, pp. 377-382.

Buchanan, P. C., Koeberl, C. 1998. Planar deformation features in quartz grains from the Manson impact structure, Iowa (abstract). Abstracts of the 61st Annual Meteoritical Society Meeting, Meteoritics and Planetary Science, v 33, issue S4, p A24-A25. 1998.



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Cisowski, S. M. 1988. Paleomagnetism of Manson structure cores inconsistent with a K/T link (abstract). Abstracts of the 19th Lunar and Planetary Science, pp. 188-189.

Crossey, L. J., Kudo, A. M., McCarville, P. 1994. Post-impact hydrothermal systems: Manson impact structure, Manson, Iowa (abstract). Abstracts of the 25th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, pp. 299-300.

Crossey, L. J., and McCarville, P. M. 1994. Post-impact hydrothermal systems: Manson impact structure. Proceedings of the VIIth International Symposium on the Observation of the Continental Crust Through Drilling, Sante Fe, New Mexico, pp. 211-214.

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Crossey, L. J., and McCarville, P. 1993. Post-impact alteration of the Manson impact structure (abstract). Abstracts of the 24th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, pp. 351-352. 1993.

French, B. M. 1984. Impact event at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary: A possible site. Science, v. 226, issue 4672, pp. 353.

Gosnold, W. D., Jr. (1995) Heat flow data from coreholes at the Manson Impact site (abstract).  Geological Society of America, Annual Meeting, Abstract with Program 26(7): A403.

Grieve, R. A. F., and Cintala, M. J. 1992. An analysis of differential impact melt-crater scaling and implications for the terrestrial impact record. Meteoritics, v. 27, issue 5, pp. 526-538.

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Grieve, R. A. F. 1989. Manson structure implicated. Nature, v. 340, pp. 428-429; doi:10.1038/340428a0.

Grieve, R. A. F. 1982. The record of impact on Earth: Implications for a major Cretaceous/Tertiary impact event. Geological Society of America, Special Paper 190, pp. 25-38.

Hartung, J.B. and Anderson, R. R. 1996. A brief history on investigations of the Manson impact structure. Geological Society of America Special Paper 302, pp. 31-43.

Hartung, J. B. and Anderson, R. R. 1988. A compilation of information and data on the Manson impact structure. Lunar and Planetary Institute Technical Report 88-08, 32 p. 1988.

Hartung, J. B. and Anderson, R. R. 1988. A summary of data on the Manson impact structure (abstract). Abstracts of the 19th Lunar and Planetary Science, pp. 455-456.

Hartung, J. B. and Anderson, R. R. 1990. Manson impact structure rocks: Evidence for impact melting (abstract). Abstracts of the 21st Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, pp. 465-466.

Hartung, J. B., Izett, G. A., Naeser, C. W., Kunk, M. J. and Sutter, J. F. 1986. The Manson, Iowa, impact structure and the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary event (abstract). Abstracts of the 17th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, pp. 313-314.

Hartung, J. B., Kunk, M. J. and Anderson, R. R. 1990. Geology, geophysics, and geochronology of the Manson impact structure. Global Catastrophes in Earth History, Geological Society of America, Special Paper 247, pp. 207-222.

Hartung, J., Kracher, A. Anderson, R. and Plocher,O. 1992. Manson impact structure rocks: Evidence for an exotic component (abstract). Abstracts of the 23rd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, pp. 497-498.

Hartung, J. (1987), Manson structure team will help guide research, Eos Trans. AGU, Vol. 68, Issue 49, p. 1641. DOI: 10.1029/EO068i049p01641-02.

Holtzman, A. F. 1970. Gravity study of the Manson "Disturbed Area", Calhoun, Pocahontas, Humboldt, and Webster Counties, Iowa (thesis). Master's Thesis, University of Iowa, 48 p.

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Hoppin, R. A. and Dryden, J. E. 1958. An unusual occurrence of pre-Cambrian crystalline rocks beneath glacial drift near Manson, Iowa. The Journal of Geology, v. 66, no. 6, pp. 694-699.

Izett, G. A. and Cobban, W. A. 1994. Size and distribution of shocked mineral grains in the Pierre shale (Late Cretaceous) of South Dakota related to the Manson, Iowa, impact event (abstract). Abstracts of the 25th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, pp. 607-608.

Izett, G. A., Cobban, W. A., Obradovich, J. D., and Dalrymple, G. B. 1998. 40Ar/39Ar age of the Manson impact structure, Iowa, and correlative impact ejecta in the Crow Creek Member of the Pierre Shale (Upper Cretaceous), South Dakota and Nebraska. GSA Bulletin, v. 110, no. 3, pp. 361-376.

Izett, G. A., Cobban, W. A., Obradovich, J. D. and Kunk, M. J. 1993. The Manson Impact Structure: 40Ar/39Ar Age and Its Distal Impact Ejecta in the Pierre Shale in Southeastern South Dakota. Science, v. 262, no. 5134, pp. 729-732. DOI: 10.1126/science.262.5134.729

Izett, G. A., Reynolds, R. L., Rosenbaum, J. G. and Nishi, J. M. 1993. A discontinuous melt sheet in the Manson impact structure (abstract). Abstracts of the 24th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, p. 705-706.

Jolliff, B. L., Korotev, R. L., Rockow, K. M. and Haskin, L. A. 1995. Manson impact structure: The impact-melt component (abstract). Abstracts of the 26th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, pp. 693-694.

Jolliff, B. L., Rockow, K. M., Korotev, R. L., Haskin, L. A., Crossey, L. J. and Mc Carville, P. M. 1994. Geochemical study of cores from the Manson impact structure. In: Proceedings of the VII th International Symposium on the Observation of the Continental Crust Through Drilling, Santa Fe, New Mexico, pp. 215-218.

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Jones, M. C., McCormick, G. R. and Anderson, R. R. 1996. Preliminary clay-mineral investigation of some impactites recovered by core drilling in the Manson impact structure. Geological Society of America Special Paper 302, pp. 341-346. doi: 10.1130/0-8137-2302-7.341

Katongo, C., Koeberl, C., Witzke, B. J., Hammond, R. H. and Anderson, R. R.. 2004. Geochemistry and shock petrography of the Crow Creek Member, South Dakota, USA: Ejecta from the 74-Ma Manson impact structure, Meteoritics and Planetary Science, v. 39, issue 1, pp. 31-51. doi: 10.1111/j.1945-5100.2004.tb00048.x

Keiswetter, D., Black, R., and Steeples, D. 1996. Seismic reflection analysis of the Manson Impact Structure, Iowa. Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 101, issue B3, pp. 5823-5834..doi:10.1029/95JB03117

Keiswetter, D., Black, R. A. and Steeples, D. 1996. Structure of the terrace terrane, Manson Impact Structure, Iowa, interpreted from high-resolution, seismic reflection data. Geological Society of America Special Paper 302, pp. 105-113. doi: 10.1130/0-8137-2302-7.105

Keiswetter, D. A., Black, R., Steeples, D. W. and Anderson, R. R. 1993. High-resolution seismic reflection survey at the Manson crater, Iowa (abstract). Abstacts of the 24th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, pp. 781-782.

Koeberl, C. and Anderson, R. R. 1996. Manson and company: Impact structures in the United States. Geological Society of America Special Paper 302, pp. 1-29. doi: 10.1130/0-8137-2302-7.1

Koeberl, C., Anderson, R. R., Boer, R. H., Blum, J. D., Chamberlain, C. P., Kracher, A., Reimold, W. U., Traxler B. and Vormaier A. 1994. Mineralogical, petrological, and geochemical studies of drill cores from the Manson impact structure: A progress report (abstract). Abstracts of the 25th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, pp. 719-720.

Koeberl, C., Anderson, R. R., Hartung, J. B. and Reimold, W. U. 1993. Manson impact structure, Iowa: First geochemical results for drill core M-1 (abstract). Abstracts of the 24th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, pp. 811-812.

Koeberl, C. and Hartung, J. B. 1992. Manson impact structure rocks: Geochemistry of impactites (abstract). Abstracts of the 22nd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, pp. 733-734.

Koeberl, C., Reimold, W. U., Anderson, R. R. and Kracher, A. 1995. Origin of impact melt breccias and suevites in drill cores from the Manson impact structure determined from mixing calculations (abstract). Abstracts of the 26th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, pp. 771-772.

Koeberl, C., Reimold, W. U., Kracher, A., Träxler, B., Vormaier, A. and Körner, W. 1996. Mineralogical, petrological, and geochemical studies of drill core samples from the Manson impact structure, Iowa. Geological Society of America Special Paper 302, pp. 145-219. doi: 10.1130/0-8137-2302-7.145

Koeberl, C. and Shirey, S. B. 1996. Re-Os isotope study of rocks from the Manson impact structure. Geological Society of America Special Paper 302, pp. 331-339. doi: 10.1130/0-8137-2302-7.331

Koeberl, C. and Shirey, S. B. 1997. Re-Os isotope systematics as a diagnostic tool for the study of impact craters and distal ejecta. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 132, pp. 25-46.



Korotev, R. L., Jolliff, B. L., Rockow, K. M., Haskin, L. A. and Crossey, L. J. 1993. A preliminary geochemical study of crystalline melt from the Manson impact structure (abstract). Abstracts from the 1993 Meteoritical Society Annual Meeting. Meteoritics, v. 28, no. 3, pp. 383-384.

Korotev, R. L., Rockow, K. M., Jolliff, B. L., Haskin, L. A., McCarville, P. and Crossey, L. J. 1994. Geochemical comparison of four cores from the Manson impact structure (abstract). Abstracts of the 25th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, pp. 729-730.

Korotev, R. L., Rockow, K. M., Jolliff, B. L., Haskin, L. A., McCarville, P. and Crossey, L. J. 1996. Geochemical comparison of four cores from the Manson impact structure. Geological Society of America Special Paper 302, pp. 275-315.

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Kracher, A., Anderson, R. R. and Koeberl, C. 1994. Compostion of breccia matrices from the Manson M-1 drill core (abstract). Abstracts from the 1994 Meteoritical Society Annual Meeting, Meteoritics, v. 29, no. 4, pp. 485.

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Kunk, M. J., Izett, G. A. and Sutter, J. F. 1987. 40Ar/39Ar age spectra of shocked K-feldspar suggests K-T boundary age for Manson, Iowa, impact structure (abstract). Abstracts of the 1987 Fall Meeting of the American Geophysical Union, EOS Transactions. v. 68, issue 44, p. 1514. doi:10.1029/EO068i044p01209.

Kunk, M. J., Izett, G. A., Haugerud, R. A. and Sutter, J. F. 1989. 40Ar-39Ar Dating of the Manson Impact Structure: A Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary Crater Candidate. Science, Vol. 244, no. 4912, pp. 1565-1568. DOI: 10.1126/science.244.4912.1565

Kunk, M. J., Snee, L. W., French, B. M., Harlan, S. S. and McGee, J. J. 1993. Preliminary 40Ar/39Ar age spectrum and laser probe dating of the M1 core of the Manson impact structure, Iowa: A K-T boundary crater candidate (abstract). Abstracts of the 24th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, pp. 835-836.

Leroux, H.and Doukhan, J-C. 1996. A transmission electron microscope study of shocked quartz from the Manson impact structure. Geological Society of America Special Paper 302, pp. 267-274. doi: 10.1130/0-8137-2302-7.267

McCarville, P. and Crossey, L. J. 1994. Post-impact hydrothermal alteration of the Manson impact structure (abstract). Abstracts of the 25th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, pp. 861-862.

McCarville, P. and Crossey, L. J. 1994. Postimpact hydrothermal alteration of the Manson impact structure (abstract). Abstracts from the 1994 Meteoritical Society Annual Meeting, Meteoritics, v. 29, no. 4. pp. 499-500. doi:10.1111/j.1945-5100.1994.tb00616.x

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McCarville, P. and Crossey, L. J. 1996. Post-impact hydrothermal alteration of the Manson impact structure. Geological Society of America Special Paper 302, pp. 347-376. doi: 10.1130/0-8137-2302-7.347

McCarville, P., 1994, Post-impact hydrothermal alteration of the Manson impact structure, Manson, Iowa. M.S. Thesis, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 186 p.

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McHone, J F. and Dietz, R. S. (1992) Earth's multiple impact craters and astroblemes (abstract). Abstracts of the 23rd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, pp. 887-888.

Officer, C. B. and Carter, N. L., 1991, A review of the structure, petrology, and dynamic deformation characteristics of some enigmatic terrestrial structures, Earth Science Reviews, v. 30, issue 1-2, pp. 1-49,

Pernicka, E., Kaether, D. and Koeberl, C., 1996, Siderophile element concentrations in drill core samples from the Manson crater. Geological Society of America Special Paper 302, pp. 325-330. doi: 10.1130/0-8137-2302-7.325

Pisarik, R., Petershagen, J., Wilke, K. and Sendlein,L.V.A., 1977, Magnetic studies of the Manson disturbed area (abstract). Geological Society of America.

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Plescia, J. B., 1993, Gravity investigation of the Manson impact structure, Iowa (abstract). Abstracts of the 24th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, pp. 1157-1158.

Plescia, J. B., 1996, Gravity investigation of the Manson impact structure, Iowa. Geological Society of America Special Paper 302, pp. 89-104. doi: 10.1130/0-8137-2302-7.89

Premo, W. R., 1992, Nd-Sr isotopic signature of the Pierre Shale: Target material at the Manson impact site and source of the Haitian tektites (K-T Boundary)? (abstract). Abstracts of the 23rd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, pp. 1099-1100.

Reagan, M. K., Foster, C. T., Jr., Bell, M. S. and Anderson, R. R., 1994, Preferential feldspar comminution in suevites from the Manson Impact Structure (abstract).  Geological Society of America Abstracts with Program (Annual Meeting), v. 26,  p. A-338.

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Reagan, M. K., Foster, Jr., C. T., Bell, M. S. and Anderson, R. R., 1996, Preferential feldspar comminution in impact melt breccias from the M-1 core of the Manson impact structure. Geological Society of America Special Paper 302, pp. 235-243. doi: 10.1130/0-8137-2302-7.235

Reagan, M. K., Foster, C. T., Jr. and Bell, M. S., 1993, Origin of the upper crystalline-clast bearing suevite in the Manson M-1 core (abstract). Abstracts of the 1993 Fall Meeting of the AGU, Eos Transactions, v.74, p. 386-387.

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Roddy, D. J. and Shoemaker, E. M., 1995, Manson impact structure research program: Summary through January 1995 (abstract). Abstracts of the 26th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, pp. 1181-1182.

Roddy, D. J., Shoemaker, E. M. and Anderson, R. R., 1994, Manson impact structure research program: Summary through February 1994. In: Proceedings of the VIIth International Symposium on the Observation of the Continental Crust Through Drilling, Santa Fe, New Mexico, pp. 203-207.

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Roddy, D. J., Shoemaket, E. M. and Anderson, R. R., 1993, The Manson impact crater: Estimation of the energy of formation, possible size of the impacting asteroid or comet, and ejecta volume and mass (abstract). Abstracts of the 24th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, pp. 1211-1212.

Schilling K. E., Anderson R. R., Peate D. W., Dorale J. A., Alexander E. C. Jr., 2015, Mining unique soft old water within the Manson Impact Structure, Iowa (USA), Hydrogeology Journal, Volume 23, Issue 1, pp 95-103. doi: 10.1007/s10040-014-1193-2

Schultz, P. H. and Anderson, R. R., 1996, Asymmetry of the Manson impact structure: Evidence for impact angle and direction. Geological Society of America Special Paper 302, pp. 397-417. doi: 10.1130/0-8137-2302-7.397

Shoemaker, E. M., Roddy, D. J. and Anderson, R. R., 1993, Research program on the Manson impact structure, Iowa (abstract). Abstracts of the 24th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, pp. 1301-1302.

Short, N. M. and Gold, D. P., 1993, Petrographic analysis of selected core materials from the Manson (Iowa) impact structure (abstract). Abstracts of the 1993 Meteoritical Society Annual Meeting. Meteoritics, v. 28, no. 3, pp. 436-437.

Short, N. M. and Gold, D. P., 1993, Petrography of shock features in the 1953 Manson 2-A drill core (abstract). Abstracts of the 24th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, pp. 1303-1304.

Short, N. M. and Gold, D. P., 1996, Petrography of shocked rocks from the central peak at the Manson impact structure. Geological Society of America Special Paper 302, pp. 245-265. doi: 10.1130/0-8137-2302-7.245

Smith, T. A. and Sendlein, L. V. A., 1971, Geophysical study of the Manson impact crater (abstract). Abstracts of the 52nd Annual Meeting, EOS transactions of the American Geophysical Union, v. 52, pp. 264-265.

Steiner, M. B., 1996, Implications of magneto-mineralogic characteristics of the Manson and Chicxulub impact rocks. Geological Society of America Special Paper 307, pp. 89-104. doi: 10.1130/0-8137-2307-8.89



Steiner, M. B., 1995, Unusual magnetization characteristics of Manson and Chicxulub impact structures: Implications for post-impact time (abstract), Geological Society of America, 1995 Annual Meeting, pp. A-349. 

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Steiner M. B. and Shoemaker, E. M., 1993, The late cretaceous Manson impact structure (abstract), EOS Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, v. 74.

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Steiner M. B. and Shoemaker, E. M., 1996, A hypothesized Manson impact tsunami: Paleomagnetic and stratigraphic evidence in the Crow Creek Member, Pierre Shale. Geological Society of America Special Paper 302, pp. 419-432. doi: 10.1130/0-8137-2302-7.419

Steiner, M. B. and Shoemaker, E. M., 1993, Two-polarity magnetization in the Manson impact breccia (abstract). Abstracts of the 24th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, pp. 1347-1348.

Sutherland, F. L., 1990, Meteoritic versus volcanic events at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary - An Australian perspective (abstract). Meteoritics, v. 25, pp. 412-413.

Van Schmus W. R., Schneider D. A., Holm D. K., Dodson S, Nelson B. K., 2007, New insights into the southern margin of the Archean-Proterozoic boundary in the north-central United States based on U-Pb, Sm-Nd, and Ar-Ar geochronology, Precambrian Research, v. 157, pp. 80-105. doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2007.02.011

Varricchio D. J., Raven R. F., Wolbach W. S., Elsik W. C., Witzke B. J., 2009, Soot and palynologic analysis of Manson impact-related strata (Upper Cretaceous) of Iowa and South Dakota, USA, Cretaceous Research, v. 30, pp. 127-134. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2008.06.005

Varricchio D. J., Koeberl C., Raven R. F. Wolbach W. S., Elsik W. C., and Miggins D. P., 2010, Tracing the Manson impact event across the Western Interior Cretaceous Seaway, Geological Society of America Special Paper 465, pp. 269-299. doi: 10.1130/2010.2465(17)​

Weber, R. D., Watkins, D. K., 2007, Evidence from the Crow Creek Member (Pierre Shale) for an impact-induced resuspension event in the late Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway, Geology, v. 35, no. 12, pp. 1119-1122,  doi: 10.1130/G24209A.1

Westbroek, H-H. and Stewart, R. R., 1996, The formation, morphology, and economic potential of meteorite impact craters, CREWES Research Report v. 8, pp. 6-7.

Witzke B. J. and Anderson, R. R., 1996, Sedimentary-clast breccias of the Manson impact structure. Geological Society of America Special Paper 302, pp. 115-144. doi: 10.1130/0-8137-2302-7.115

Witzke, B. J. and Anderson, R. R., 1988, Iowa's Manson crater; the largest impact site in the U.S. Iowa Geology 1988, Iowa Department of Natural Resources, v. 13, pp. 4-7.

Witzke, B. J., 1990, General stratigraphy of the Phanerozoic and Keweenawan sequence, M.G. Eischeid #1 drillhole, Carroll Co., Iowa. in: The Amoco M.G. Eischeid #1 Deep Petroleum Test, Carroll County, Iowa,  Iowa Department of Natural Resources Geological Survey Bureau, Special Report Series no. 2. pp. 39-57.

Witzke, B. J., Hammond, R. H. and Anderson, R. R., 1996, Deposition of the Crow Creek Member, Campanian, South Dakota and Nebraska. Geological Society of America Special Paper 302, pp. 433-456. doi: 10.1130/0-8137-2302-7.433

Zeitler, P. K. and Kunk, M. J., 1993, Age and thermochronology of K-feldspars from the Manson impact structure (abstract). Abstracts of the 24th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, pp. 1567-1568.

Zeitler, P., 1996, 40Ar/39Ar thermochronology of shocked feldspars from the Manson impact structure. Geological Society of America Special Paper 302, pp. 383-396. doi: 10.1130/0-8137-2302-7.383

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Another nice non-technical article is at: